Causative: expressing a cause or agency diæretic-metathetic expletive particle/case gerund: a verbal noun which may govern cases like a verg gerundive: an adective having certain characteristics of verbs. Āsiṃsaniya [gerund of āsiṃsati] to be wished for, desirable locative); figurative intransitive infinitive accusative genitive v.l. = vulgar latin apparntly no longer used as being too vague. q.v. = quod vide: which see sub voce = under the word perfect: a collective term applied to all verbal forms which designate an action or a state which is te result or outcome of an action performed in the past. "he says or he said", he spoke, potential mood: applied to verbal forms expressing ability, possibility, freedom for action, also obligation or necessity preterit: A vergal tense ex;pressing that the action occurred in the past past participle The past participles of regular verbs are typically formed by adding the suffix “-ed” (or “-d” if the word already ends in “e”). The past participle of a regular verb is identical to its past simple form (e.g., “canceled” and “canceled”). plural nominative expletive case An expletive is a word or phrase inserted into a sentence that is not needed to express the basic meaning of the sentence.[1] It is regarded as semantically null or a placeholder. Expletives are not insignificant or meaningless in all senses; they may be used to give emphasis or tone, to contribute to the meter in verse, or to indicate tense. The word "expletive" derives from the Latin word expletivus: serving to fill out or take up space. In these examples in fact and indeed are expletives: the teacher was not, in fact, present. Indeed, the teacher was absent. Vocative