Hiri ca ottappañ ca
References:
The Compilation, MO trans of DN#33: Sangiti Suttanta
WP: The Connected Discourses of the Buddha, Bodhi, trans., I. The Book of Causation, Kasapa, 11. The Robe, pp678; II.The Great Book V.i.45.i. Ignorance, pp 1523
WP: The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha, Bodhi/Nanamoli, trans., 39.3 n416 (links to quote below); 53.12
PTS: The Book of the Gradual Sayings, I: The Book of the Twos, I.1-10: Punishments, Woodward, trans., pp 50. See quote below.
PTS: The Book of the Gradual Sayings, III: The Book of the Fives, I.I.i: The Powers in Brief, pp1, and ii: The Powers in Detail, pp 2, Hare, trans.
Guardians of the World, Bhikkhu Bodhi Essay
| Pāḷi | MO | Hare | Horner | Punnaji | Bodhi | Nanamoli | Rhys Davids | (Mrs)Rhys Davids | Thanissaro | Walshe | Woodward |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sukka lokapala | Welcome Stabilizers of the World | Guardians of the World | Bright Guardians of the World | Protectors of the World | |||||||
| hiri | Shame [AN 7.61 n.1], Sense of Shame | Conscienciousness | moral shame [AN 7.61 (his 65)] sense of shame | shame | conscientiousness | conscientiousness | Moral Shame | Moral Shame | Sense of Shame | ||
| ottappa | Blame, [AN 7.61 n.1]Fear of Blame | Fear of Blame | moral dread [AN 7.61 (his 65)]fear of wrongdoing | fear of wrongdoing | discretion | discretion | Fear of wrongdoing | Moral Dread | fear of blame |
PTS:GS.I.pp50: [AN 2 9] Monks, these two bright states protect the world. What two?
Sense of shame and fear of blame. Monks, if these two states did not protect the world, then there would be seen no mother or mother's sister, no uncle's wife nor teacher's wife, nor wife of honourable men; but the world would come to confusion, -- promiscuity such as exists among goats and sheep, fowls and swine, dogs and jackals. But, monks, since these two bright states do protect the world, therefore there are seen mothers...and the rest."
WP.39.3.n416: Shame (hiri) and fear of wrongdoing (ottappa) are two complementary qualities designated by the Buddha "the guardians of the world: (AN.i.51) because they serve as the foundation for morality. Shame has the characteristic of disgust with evil, is dominated by a sense of self-respect, and manifests itself as conscience. Fear of wrongdoing has the characteristic of dread of evil, is dominated by a concern for the opinions of others, and manifests itself as fear of doing evil. See Vsm XIV, 142.
