T.W. Rhys Davids, The Questions of King Milinda, Part II
BOOK VII.
OPAMMA-KATHĀ-PAÑHO
THE SIMILES
Chapter 1
'Venerable Nāgasena, with how many qualities must a member of the Order (a Bhikshu) be endowed to realize Arahatship?'
'The brother, O king, who wishes to attain Arahatship must take:
VII.1
1. One quality of the ass
2. And five of the cock
3. And one of the squirrel
4. And one of the female panther
5. And two of the male panther
6. And five of the tortoise
7. And one of the bamboo
8. And one of the bow
9. And two of the crow
10. And two of the monkey
VII.2
11. And one of the gourd
12. And three of the lotus
13. And two of seed
14. And one of the Sal-tree
15. And three of a ship
16. And two of the anchor
17. And one of the mast
18. And three of the pilot
19. And one of the sailor
20. And five of the ocean
VII.3
21. And five of the earth
[276] 22. And five of water
23. And five of fire
24. And five of wind
25. And five of rock
26. And five of space
27. And five of the moon
28. And seven of the sun
29. And three of Sakka
30. And four of a sovran overlord
VII.4
31. And one of the white ant
32. And two of the cat
33. And one of the rat
34. And one of the scorpion
35. And one of the mungoose
36. And two of the old jackal
37. And three of the deer
38. And four of the bull
39. And two of the boar
40. And five of the elephant
VII.5
41. And seven of the lion
42. And three of the Kakravāka bird
43. And two of the Peṇāhikā bird
44. And one of the house-pigeon
45. And two of the owl
46. And one of the crane
47. And two of the bat
48. And one of the leech
49. And three of the serpent
50. And one of the rock-snake
VII.6
51. And one of the road spider
52. And one of the child at the breast
53. And one of the land tortoise
54. And five of the mountain height
55. And three of the tree
[277] 56. And five of the rain-cloud
57. And three of the jewel
58. And four of the hunter
59. And two of the fisherman
60. And two of the carpenter
VII.7
61. And one of the waterpot
62. And two of iron
63. And three of a sunshade
64. And three of a rice field
65. And two of medicine
66. And three of food
67. And four of the archer[1]
68. And four of the king.
69. And two of the doorkeeper.
70. And one of a grindstone.
71. And two of a lamp.
72. And two of the peacock.
73. And two of the steed.
74. And two of the publican.
75. And two of a threshould.
76. And one of a balance.
77. And two of a sword.
78. And two of a fish.
79. And one of a borrower.
80. And two of a sick man.
81. And two of a corpse.
82. And two of. a river.
83. And one of a buffalo.
84. And two of a road.
85. And one of a tax-gatherer.
86. And three of a thief.
[278] 87. And one of the hawk.
88. And one of the dog.
90. And three of the physician.
91. And two of a woman with child.
92. And one of the yak cow.
93. And two of the hen.
94. And three of the dove.
95. And two of the one-eyed man.
96. And three of the husbandman.
97. And one of the female jackal.[2]
98. And two of the dyers' straining-cloth.[3]
99. And one of a spoon.
100. And one of the negociator of a loan.
101. And one of a collector.
102. And two of a charioteer.
103. And two of a village headman.
104. And one of a tailor.
105. And one of a helmsman.
106. And two of a bee.'
Here ends the Table of Contents
§
1. THE ASS
2. 'Venerable Nāgasena, that one quality of the harsh-voiced ass which you say he ought to take, which is that?'
'Just, O king, as the ass, wheresoever he may lie down -- whether on a dust heap, or in the open space where four roads meet, or three,[4] or at the entrance to a village, or on a heap of straw -- nowhere is he given to resting long; just so, O king, should the strenuous Bhikshu, earnest in effort,[5] wheresoever he may spread out his mat for repose -- whether on strewed grass, or leaves, or on a bed of thorns, or on the bare earth--nowhere should he be given to sloth. This is the one quality of the ass he ought to have. For this has been said, O king, by the Blessed One, the god over all gods:
Sleeping on pillows of chaff, my disciples, O brethren,
Keep themselves earnest and ardent in strenuous fight."[6]
[280] 'And this too, O king, was said by Sāriputta, the Elder, the Commander of the Faith:
"If it but raineth not knee-deep on him
When sitting in high meditations plunged --
What cares the man on Arahatship intent for ease!"[7]
§
2. THE COCK
3. 'Venerable Nāgasena, those five qualities of the cock which you say he ought to take, what are they?'
'Just, O king, as a cock goes early and betimes to roost; so, O king, should the strenuous Bhikshu, earnest in effort, early and betimes sweep out the open space around the Dāgaba, and having got ready[8] the drinking-water for the day's use, and dressed himself,[9] and taken his bath, he should bow [281] down in reverence before the Dāgaba, and then pay visits to the senior Bhikshus, and, on his return, enter in due time into the chamber of solitude. This, O king, is the first of the qualities of the cock he ought to have.
4. 'And again, O king, as a cock rises early and betimes; so, O king, should the strenuous Bhikshu, earnest in effort, rise early and betimes to sweep out the open space around the Dāgaba, and get ready the drinking-water for the day's use, and dress himself, and pay his daily reverence to the Dāgaba, and enter into the chamber of solitude. This, O king, is the second of the qualities of the cock he ought to have.
5. 'And again, O king, as the cock is unremitting in scratching the earth to pick up what he can find to eat; so, O king, should the strenuous Bhikshu, earnest in effort, practise continual self-examination and circumspection in taking any nourishment he may find to eat, reminding himself: "I eat this, seeking not after pleasure, nor after excitement, nor after beauty of body, nor after elegance of form, but merely for the preservation of my body, to keep myself alive, as a means of appeasing the pain of hunger, and of assisting me in the practice of the higher life. Thus shall I put an end to all former sorrow, and give no cause for future sorrow to arise; therein shall I be free from blame, and dwell at ease." This, O king, is the third of the qualities of the cock he ought to have. For it has been said, O king, by the Blessed One, the god over all gods:
"Like child's flesh in the desert wild,
Or smearing grease upon the wheel,
[282] Solely to keep himself alive,
Does he, when feeling faint, take food."[10]
6. 'And again, O king, as the cock, though it has eyes, is blind by night; so, O king, should the strenuous Bhikshu, earnest in effort, though he is not blind, be as one blind. Whether in the woods, or on his daily walk for alms in search of food, blind should he be and deaf and dumb to all delights of form, or sound, or taste, or smell, or touch, should not make them the objects of his thought, should pay no special, detailed, attention to them.[11] This, O king, is the fourth of the qualities of the cock he ought to have. For it was said, O king, by Mahā Kakkāyana, the Elder:
"Let him with eyes be as one blind,
And he who hears be as the deaf,
[283] He who can speak be as the dumb,
The man of strength as were he weak.
As each new object rises to his ken,
On the sweet couch of blest Nirvāṇa's peace
Let him lie down and rest."[12]
7. 'And again, O king, as the cock, even though persecuted[13] with clods and sticks and clubs[14] and cudgels, will not desert his home; just so, O king, should the strenuous Bhikshu, earnest in effort, -- whether he be engaged in robemaking or in building-work, or in any of his daily duties, or in teaching, or in receiving instruction[15] -- never give up his presence of mind. For that, O king -- his presence of mind -- is the home in which he dwells. This, O king, is the fifth of the qualities of the cock he ought to have. And this, O king, has been said by the Blessed One, the god over all gods:[16]
"And which, O Bhikshus, is the Bhikshu's resort, the realm which is his own by right? -- it is this, the four modes of being mindful and thoughtful."[17]
'And this too, O king, has been said by Sāriputta, the Elder, the Commander of the Faith:
"The elephant distinguishes good food
From bad, he knows what gives him sustenance,
And even when asleep he guards his trunk[18] --
So let each Buddha's son, earnest in zeal,
Never do violence to the Conqueror's word,
Nor injury to his self-possession, best of gifts."'[19]
§
3. THE SQUIRREL
8. 'Venerable Nāgasena, that one quality of the squirrel which you say he ought to take, which is that?'
'Just as the squirrel, O king, when an enemy falls upon him, beats his tail on the ground till it swells, and then with his own tail as a cudgel drives off the foe; just so, O king, should the strenuous Bhikshu, earnest in effort, when his enemy, sin, falls upon him, beat the cudgel of his self-possession till it swells, and then by the cudgel of self-possession drive all evil inclinations off. This, O king, is the one quality of the squirrel which he ought to have. For it was said, O king, by Kulla Panthaka, the Elder:
"When sins, those fell destroyers of the gains
Gained by the life of recluse, fall on us,
They should be slain, again and yet again,
By resolute self-possession as a club."'[20]
§
4. THE PANTHER (FEMALE)[ 21]
9. 'Venerable Nāgasena, that one quality of the female of the panther which you say he ought to take, which is that?'
'Just, O king, as the female of the panther conceives only once, and does not resort again and again to the male;[22] just so, O king, should the strenuous Bhikshu, earnest in effort, -- seeing how future conceptions and births involve a period of gestation and a fall from each state as it is reached, and dissolution and death and destruction, seeing the horrors of transmigration and of rebirths in evil states, the annoyance of them, the torment of them,--he should stedfastly resolve never to enter upon any future life. This, O king, is the one quality of the female panther which he ought to have. For it was said, O king, by the Blessed One, the god over all gods, in the Sutta Nipāta, in the Sutta of Dhaniya the cowherd:
"Like a strong bull who's burst the bonds that bound him,
Or elephant who's forced his way through jungle,
Thus shall I never more enter the womb --
And now, if it so please you, god, rain on!"'[23]
§
5. THE PANTHER (MALE)
10. 'Venerable Nāgasena, those two qualities of the panther which you say he ought to take, which are they?'
'Just, O king, as the panther, lying in ambush in wild places, behind a thicket of long grass or brushwood, or among the rocks, catches the deer; so, O king, should the strenuous Bhikshu, earnest in effort, resort to solitary places in the woods, at the foot of a tree, on mountain heights, in caves and grottoes, in cemeteries, in forests, under the open sky, on beds of straw, in quiet, noiseless spots, free from strong winds, and hid from the haunts of men. For the strenuous Bhikshu, O king, earnest in effort, who frequents such solitudes, will soon become master of the six forms of transcendent insight. This, O king, is the first of the qualities of the panther he ought to have. For it was said, O king, by the Elders who collected the scriptures:
"As the panther by lying in ambush catches the deer,
So the sons of the Buddha, with insight and earnestness armed,
By resorting to solitudes gain that Fruit which is best."[24]
11. 'And again, O king, as the panther, whatever may be the beast he has killed, will never eat it if it has fallen on the left side; just so, O king, should the strenuous Bhikshu, earnest in effort, not partake of any food that has been procured by gifts of bamboos, or palms' leaves, or flowers, or fruits, or baths,[25] or chunam, or tooth-sticks, or water for washing; or by flattery, or by gaining the laity over by sugared [287] words (literally by pea-soup-talk), suppressing the truth and suggesting the false,[26] or by petting their children,[27] or by taking messages as he walks from house to house,[28] or by doctoring them, or by acting as a go-between, or as a messenger on matters of business or ceremony,[29] or by exchanging with them things he has received as alms, or by giving back again to them as bribes robes or food once given to him,[30] or by giving them hints as to lucky sites, or lucky days, or lucky signs (on their children's bodies at birth), or by any other of those wrong modes of obtaining a livelihood that have been condemned by the Buddha[31] -- no food so procured should he eat, as the panther will not eat any prey that has fallen on its left side. This is the second of the qualities of the panther he ought to have. For it was said, O king, by Sāriputta, the Elder, the Commander of the Faith:
"This food, so sweet, has been procured
Through intimation given by speech.
Were I, then, to partake thereof,
My mode of livelihood would be blamed.
[288] Now though by hunger dire oppressed
My stomach seem to rise, to go,
Ne'er will I break my rule of life,
Not though my life I sacrifice."'[32]
§
6. THE TORTOISE
12. 'Venerable Nāgasena, those five qualities of the tortoise which you say he ought to take, what are they? '
'Just, O king, as the tortoise, which is a water animal, keeps to the water; just so, O king, should the strenuous Bhikshu, earnest in effort, let his heart go out over the whole wide world with pity and with love--mighty, abounding, beyond measure, free from every feeling of hatred or of malice--towards all creatures that have life.[33] This, O king, is the first of the qualities of the tortoise he ought to have.
13. 'And again, O king, just as the tortoise, when, as he swims on the water and raises his head, he catches sight of any one, that moment sinks, and dives into the depths, lest they should see him again; just so, O king, should the strenuous Bhikshu, earnest in effort, when evil inclinations fall upon him, sink into the waters of meditation, dive down into the deeps thereof, lest those evil inclinations should catch sight of him again. This, O king, is the [289] second of the qualities of the tortoise he ought to have.
14. 'And again, O king, just as the tortoise gets up out of the water, and suns himself; just so, O king, should the strenuous Bhikshu, earnest in effort, when he rouses himself (withdraws his mind) out of meditation,--whether taken sitting, or lying down, or standing, or walking up and down,--sun his mind in the Great Struggle against evil dispositions. This, O king, is the third of the qualities of the tortoise he ought to have.
15. 'And again, O king, just as the tortoise, digging a hole in the ground, dwells alone; just so, O king, should the strenuous Bhikshu, earnest in effort, giving up worldly gain and honour and praise, take up his abode alone, plunging into the solitudes of empty lonely places in the groves and woods and hills, in caves and grottoes, noiseless and quiet. This, O king, is the fourth of the qualities of the tortoise he ought to have. For it was said, O king, by Upasena, the Elder, of the sons of the Vaṅgantas:
"Lonely and quiet places, haunts
Of the deer, and of wild beasts,
Should the Bhikshu seek as his abode,
For solitude's sweet sake."[34]
16. 'And again, O king, as the tortoise, when on his rounds he sees any one, draws in at once all his head and limbs into his shell, and hiding them there, keeps still in silence to save himself; just so, O king, should the strenuous Bhikshu, earnest in effort, wheresoever forms, or sounds, or odours, or tastes, [290] or feelings strike upon him, shut to the gate of self-restraint at the six doors of his senses, cover up his mind in self-control, and continue constant in mindfulness and thoughtfulness to save his Samanaship. This, O king, is the fifth of the qualities of the tortoise he ought to have. For it was said, O king, by the Blessed One, the god over all gods, in the most excellent Saɱyutta Nikāya, in the Sutta of the parable of the tortoise:
"As the tortoise withdraws his limbs in his shell,
Let the Bhikshu bury the thoughts of his mind,
Himself Independent, injuring none,
Set free himself, speaking evil of none."'[35]
§
7. THE BAMBOO
17. 'Venerable Nāgasena, that one quality of the bamboo which you say he ought to take, which is it?,
'Just, O king, as the bamboo, whithersoever the gale blows, to that quarter does it bend accordingly, pursuing no other way of its own; just so, O king, should the strenuous Bhikshu, earnest in effort, conduct himself in accordance with the ninefold teaching of the Master, the word of the Buddha, the Blessed One, and stedfastly keeping to all things lawful and blameless, he should seek after the qualities of the Samaṇaship itself. This, O king, is the one quality of the bamboo he ought to have. For it was said, O king, by Rāhula, the Elder:
[291] "In accord alway with Buddha's ninefold word
And stedfast in all lawful, blameless acts,
I have passed beyond rebirth in evil states."'[36]
§
8. THE BOW
18. 'Venerable Nāgasena, that one quality of the bow which you say he ought to have, which is it?'
'Just, O king, as a well-made and balanced bow bends equally from end to end, and does not resist stiffly, like a post; just so, O king, should the strenuous Bhikshu, earnest in effort, bend easily in accord with all his brethren--whether elders, juniors, of medium seniority, or of like standing with himself--and not repel them. This, O king, is the one quality of the bow he ought to have. For it was said, O king, by the Blessed One, the god over all gods, in the Vidhura Punnaka Gātaka:
"Let the wise bend as the bow, yield as the reed,
Not be contrary. He shall dwell in the home of kings."'[37]
§
9. THE CROW
19. 'Venerable Nāgasena, those two qualities of the crow that you say he ought to take, which are they?'
'Just, O king, as the crow goes about full of apprehension and suspicion, always on watch and guard; just so, O king, should the strenuous Bhikshu, earnest in effort, go about full of apprehension and suspicion, always on watch and guard, [292] in full self-possession, with his senses under control. This, O king, is the first of the qualities of the crow he ought to have.
20. 'And again, O king, as the crow, whatever food he catches sight of, eats it, sharing with his kind; just so, O king, should the strenuous Bhikshu, earnest in effort, never omit to share with virtuous co-religionists, and that without distinction of person or deliberation as to quantity,[38] whatever lawful gifts he may have lawfully received, down even to the contents of his begging-bowl. This, O king, is the second of the qualities of the crow he ought to have. For it was said, O king, by Sāriputta, the Elder, the Commander of the Faith:
"Whate'er they may present to me, austere in life,
All that, just as it comes, do I divide
With all, and I myself then take my food."'[39]
§
10. THE MONKEY
21. 'Venerable Nāgasena, those two qualities of the monkey which you say he ought to have, which are they?'
'Just, O king, as the monkey, when about to take up his abode does so in some such place as a mighty tree, in a lonely place covered all over with branches, a sure place of refuge; just so, O king, should the strenuous Bhikshu, earnest in effort, choose as the teacher under whom to live a man modest, amiable, righteous, of beauty of character, learned in tradition and in the scriptures, lovable, venerable, worthy of [293] reverence, a speaker of profitable things, meek, clever in admonition, in instruction, and in education, able to arouse, to incite, to gladden[40] -- such a friend should he choose as teacher. This, O king, is the first of the qualities of the monkey he ought to have.
22. 'And again, O king, as the monkey wanders about, and stands and sits, always on trees, and, if he goes to sleep, spends the night on them; just so, O king, should the strenuous Bhikshu, earnest in effort, stand and walk up and down thinking, and lie down, and sleep, in the forest, and there enjoy the sense of self-possession. This, O king, is the second of the qualities of the monkey he ought to have. For it has been said, O king, by Sāriputta, the Elder, the Commander of the Faith:
"Walking, or standing, sitting, lying down,
'Tis in the forest that the Bhikshu shines.
To dwell in wildernesses far remote
Has been exalted by the Buddhas all."'[41]
Here ends the First Chapter[42]
[1] The published text carries the details of these similes no further than this. See the remarks in the Introduction, pp. xxiv, xxv.
[2] Gambuka-sigāliyā. In Gātaka, No. 294, of Fausböll, the jackal is male. The reference therefore here is to a kind of jackal named after the Gambu fruit.
[3] Kaṅgavārakassa. See Magghima Nikāya I, 142-4, and Gātaka, V, 186, in both of which passages the Burmese MSS. read kaṅka-. The Siɱhalese, p. 540, has perahan kaḍe.
[4] Katukke and singhāṭake. I follow Hīnaṭi-kumbure in the distinction he makes between the meaning of these terms--satara and tun maɱ sandhiyehi (p. 540).
[5] Yogī yogavakaro. The rendering of these words is quite adequate, and has given me much trouble. Neither 'yogee' nor 'devotee' can be used, for they both have acquired connotations contradictory to what was in our author's mind. He means the Buddhist Bhikshu belonging to that class among the Bhikshus (by no means the majority) who had devoted themselves to a life of systematic effort according to the Buddhist scheme of self-training. But I have found it impossible to put into any English phrase sufficiently short for the constant repetition of the two Pāli words any full and accurate representation of all that they imply. See the note above on p. 43 of the Pāli, and Gātaka, vol. i, p. 303.
[6] Not traced as yet. Mr. Trenckner prints the passage as prose, but it is clearly two verses with a slight corruption in the first line. The point of the verses lies in the untranslatable pun of the words upadhāna, 'pillow,' and padhāna, 'strenuous fight.' The word etarahi seems to me suspect, and some such reading as kaḷiṅgaropadhānā va would restore the metre, and at the same time bring the play on the words more into prominence.
[7] This verse is found in the Thera Gāthā, No. 985. Hīnaṭi-kumbure takes the na in the first line as a negative to abhivassati, and translates, 'So long as it does not rain knee-deep on him, when sitting in meditation, what cares the Bhikshu, who is bent on attaining Nirvāṇa, for ease!'--and this is, I think, preferable to Mr. Trenckner's division of the words.
[8] That is, 'filtered;' perahā nagā tabā, says the Siɱhalese, p. 541.
[9] Sarīraɱ paṭigaggitvā, 'rested a little to remove the weariness of his body,' says the Siɱhalese here, but adds below, § 4, siwuru hœnda.
[10] Not traced as yet. The verse is a riddle based on two parables. Of these the first is already published in the Samyutta Nikāya XII, 63, 5-8. It tells of a father and mother who in the desert (and of course only with the object of keeping themselves alive) ate their only child. The other is not yet published, but Mr. Trenckner points out that it occurs in the 34th Samyutta. Oiling wheels is done solely to keep the cart going. Compare the dying Buddha's comparison of himself to a worn-out cart, which can only with difficulty be made to move along. Like that, the body of the Tathāgata can only with difficulty be kept a little longer going ('Buddhist Suttas,' p. 37).
As to the last word, I take it, with Hīnaṭi-kumbure, p. 542, to be mukkhito, and not amukkhito as is printed in the text. That is also the reading adopted by Fausböll at Gātaka II, 294, where the verses are quoted.
[11] Na nimittaɱ gahetabbaɱ nānubyañganaɱ gahetabbaɱ. On these common expressions compare Aṅguttara I, 2, 6, &c.; Puggala Paññatti II, 17, IV, 24, &c.; Dīgha II, 64, &c.; and Buddhaghosa as quoted in 'Vinaya Texts,' II, 9. Hīnaṭi-kumbure only repeats the first, but explains the second by nœwata nœwata wimasīmeɱ.
[12] From Thera Gāthā. The Siɱhalese supports Mr. Trenckner in reading givhāv' in line three, but on the other hand has (twice) mana-sāyikaɱ for mata-sāyikaɱ. For the last line, of which a literal translation is impossible, it says, 'Let him make his couch on, fix his attention on, that Nirvāṇa which is mana-sāyika-kitta.' I think mata is the right reading, and that very possibly a riddle or pun is intended on the two meanings of that word.
[13] Paripātiyanto. See above, p. 279 of the Pāli, and Gātaka II, 208. The Siɱhalese, p. 543, has heḷanu labanneya.
[14] Lakuṭa. See above, pp. 255, 301 of the Pāli, and compare the Hindī.
[15] Hīnaṭi-kumbure expands all these details.
[16] In the Saɱyutta Nikāya XLVI, 7. See Mr. Trenckner's note.
[17] The four Satipatthānas. Compare above, p. 343 of the Pāli.
[18] As he does in war, according to Magghima I, 415.
[19] Not traced as yet. It is not included in the collection of Sāriputta's verses preserved in the Thera Gāthā.
[20] Not in the published texts.
[21] Dīpinī, perhaps 'leopardess.' The Siɱhalese has 'tigress,' which is certainly wrong.
[22] Because it realizes the pains and sorrows of cub-bearing, says the Siɱhalese.
[23] Sutta Nipāta I, 2, 12.
[24] That is, of course, Arahatship. The lines are not to be found in the published texts.
[25] Sināna-dāneria; omitted by the Sutta Vibhanga and by Hīnaṭi-kumbure (who quotes the Pāli of this passage).
[26] Muggasuppatā. So Hīnaṭi-kumbure, p. 546. The Sutta Vibhaṅga omits both this word and the next.
[27] Pāribhattakatā.
[28] Gaṅgha-pesaniyena. The Sutta Vibhanga I, 185, on which our whole paragraph here is based, reads -pesanikena. I have differentiated the three sorts of messages according to the Siɱhalese.
[29] Hīnaṭi-kumbure, both in his transcription of the Pāli (p. 546) and in his translation (p. 547), reads pahīna-gamana.
[30] Anuppadāna. Compare Gātaka III, 205. At Sigālovāda Sutta, p. 307, and Milinda, p. 315, it means simply providing a person with things he wants. Childers's rendering, 'giving,' is inadequate in all the passages.
[31] Referring to the Sīlas.
[32] Not traced as yet. Hīnaṭi-kumbure gives a long account of the circumstances under which these verses were spoken. Sāriputta was ill. Moggallāna asked him what would be good for him to take. Sāriputta told him. His friend then, by intervention of the king of the gods, procured it. But Sāriputta refused to make use of it.
[33] The Brahmā-vihāras (Nos. 1 and 2). See 'Buddhist Suttas,' p. 201.
[34] Thera Gāthā 577.
[35] The parable is in the 46th Samyutta. The verses are already published at vol. i, p. 7 of M. Feer's edition for the Pāli Text Society.
[36] Not traced as yet. Hīnaṭi-kumbure reads samuttarim.
[37] Gātaka, No. 545, verse 159.
[38] So Hīnaṭi-kumbure understands this, his version agreeing with the quotation given by Mr. Trenckner from Buddhaghosa.
[39] Not traced as yet.
[40] For the last six words, none of which are in Childers, see Magghima Nikāya I, 145, 6, and below, VII, 2, 20.
[41] Not traced as yet.
[42] The Kambojan MS., in the library of Trinity College, Cambridge, ends here.
