Dīgha Nikāya
The Longs Basket
Sutta 33
Saṅgīti Suttantaṃ
The Compilation
Tens
Translated from the Pāḷi
by
Michael M. Olds
There are, friends,
ten-part Dhammas
consummately taught by the Lucky Man,
that #1-Consummately-Awakened-One,
an Arahant
who knows and sees.
In this situation,
let us all gather together as one,
undivided,
so that this best of lives
will stay on track and
stand for a long time
as a benefit to the many,
as a pleasure for the many,
out of compassion for the world,
for the benefit and pleasure of
gods and man.
What are these tens?
[10.01][pts][wlsh] Ten things giving protection:[1]
Here friends,
a beggar has ethics,
he lives self-controlled
by the Pātimokkha-self-control,
having arrived at
conduct's pasture
he sees the fearfulness in
any measure of
what should be shunned and
stays on the seeker's course.
It is, friends
a beggar's ethics,
his living self-controlled
by the Pātimokkha-self-control,
his having arrived at
conduct's pasture
seeing the fearfulness in
any measure of
what should be shunned
that gives him protection.
Again, additionally friends, a beggar
has heard much,
retains what he has heard,
has got down
what he has heard
of that Dhamma,
so helpful in the beginning,
helpful in the middle,
helpful in conclusion,
that points out
the surpassingly pure Brahmā-Life
with its goal and
with its terms
in complete congruity.
It is this matter of
being learned in Dhamma,
his having got a grasp of it,
his ability to speak about it,
his detached understanding of it, and
his thorough penetration of it
in theory
that gives him protection.[2]
Again, additionally friends, a beggar
is a helpful friend,
a helpful companion,
a helpful comrade.
It is, friends, this beggar's
being a helpful friend,
a helpful companion,
a helpful comrade
that gives him protection.[3]
Again, additionally friends, a beggar
is well-spoken and
is possessed of forbearance
making for gentleness,
he is right handy
at supervising.
It is, friends, this beggar's
well-spoken-ness and
possession of forbearance
making for gentleness,
his competence at supervising,
that gives him protection.
Again, additionally friends, a beggar,
whatever needs to be done
with his fellow Brahmā-farers,
whether lofty or
menial,
at that
he is handy,
not lax,
he is skilled
in recollecting
what needs to be done, and
in all such matters
is competent,
willing and
able.
It is, friends,
that this beggar,
whatever needs to be done
with his fellow Brahmā-farers,
whether lofty or
menial,
is at that,
handy,
not lax,
skilled in recollecting
what needs to be done, and
in all such matters
is competent,
willing and
able,
that gives him protection.[4]
Again, additionally friends, a beggar
takes pleasure in Dhamma,
loves discussing, and
derives great enjoyment from
higher Dhamma,
higher discipline.
It is, friends,
that this beggar
takes pleasure in Dhamma,
loves discussing, and
derives great enjoyment from
higher Dhamma,
higher discipline
that gives him protection.[5]
Again, additionally friends, a beggar
is content
with having the requisites:
any sort of robes,
handouts,
sitting and sleeping place,
remedy for sickness
that may arise.
It is, friends,
that this beggar
is content
with having the requisites:
any sort of robes,
handouts,
sitting and sleeping place,
remedy for sickness
that may arise
that gives him protection.
Again, additionally friends, a beggar
lives striving for
the energy
to let go of
unskillful things,
to acquire
skillful things,
steadfast,
passionately holding on to,
not throwing off
the yoke to,
skillful things.
It is, friends,
that this beggar lives
striving for the energy
to let go of
unskillful things,
to acquire
skillful things,
steadfast,
passionately holding on to,
not throwing off
the yoke to,
skillful things,
that gives him protection.
Again, additionally friends, a beggar
lives with a far-reaching,
discriminating mind,
possessed of
mastery over the calling to mind and
remembering of
the long-ago said and
done.
It is, friends,
that this beggar
lives with a far-reaching,
discriminating mind,
possessed of
mastery over the calling to mind and
remembering of
the long-ago said and
done,
that gives him protection.
Again, additionally friends, a beggar
is wise to
what results in
growth and
termination,
has possession of
that Aristocratic wisdom
that leads to
the consummate ending of pain.
It is, friends,
that this beggar
is wise to
what results in
growth and
termination,
has possession of
that Aristocratic wisdom
that leads to
the consummate ending of pain,
that gives him protection.
[10.02][pts][wlsh] Ten complete realms:[6]
One projects
the earth device
above,
below,
across,
as non-dual,[7]
unbounded.
One projects
the water device
above,
below,
across,
non-dual,
unbounded.
One projects
the fire device
above,
below,
across,
non-dual,
unbounded.
One projects
the wind device
above,
below,
across,
non-dual,
unbounded.
One projects
the deep-blue device
above,
below,
across,
non-dual,
unbounded.
One projects
the golden-colored device
above,
below,
across,
non-dual,
unbounded.
One projects
the blood-read device
above,
below,
across,
non-dual,
unbounded.
One projects
the white device
above,
below,
across,
non-dual,
unbounded.
One projects
the space device
above,
below,
across,
non-dual,
unbounded.
One projects
the consciousness device
above,
below,
across,
non-dual,
unbounded.
[10.03][pts][wlsh] Ten unskillful paths of action:[8]
Malicious destruction,
taking the ungiven,
misbegotten carnal lusts,
lying speech,
provocative speech,
harsh speech,
idle-lip-flapping,
covetousness,
anger,
misguided views.
[10.04][pts][wlsh] Ten skillful paths of action:[9]
Abstaining from
malicious destruction,
abstention from
taking the ungiven,
abstention from
misguided carnal lusts,
abstention from
lying speech,
abstention from
provocative speech,
abstention from
harsh speech,
abstention from
idle-lip-flapping,
non-covetousness,
non-anger,
high views.
[10.05][pts][wlsh] Ten Aristocratic Garbs:[10]
Here friends, a beggar
has let go of five,
has control of six,
guards one,
calculates four,
separates off truths
about individuality,
annihilates wishes,
purifies his principles,
creates impassivity of body,
is well freed in mind,
is well freed in wisdom.
How, friends,
has a beggar
let go of five?[11]
Here, friends, a beggar,
has let go of
pleasure-wishing,
has let go of
anger,
has let go of
lazy ways and inertia,
has let go of
fear and trembling,
has let go of
vacillation.
Even so, friends,
has a beggar let go of five.
How, friends,
does a beggar
have control of six?[12]
Here, friends, a beggar
seeing form with the eye
is neither pleased in mind
nor upset in mind and
he lives detached,
mindful,
self-aware.
Here, friends, a beggar
hearing a sound with the ear
is neither pleased in mind
nor upset in mind and
he lives detached,
mindful,
self-aware.
Here, friends, a beggar
smelling a scent with the nose
is neither pleased in mind
nor upset in mind and
he lives detached,
mindful,
self-aware.
Here, friends, a beggar
tasting a flavor with the tongue
is neither pleased in mind
nor upset in mind and
he lives detached,
mindful,
self-aware.
Here, friends, a beggar
feeling a touch with the body
is neither pleased in mind
nor upset in mind and
he lives detached,
mindful,
self-aware.
Here, friends, a beggar
conscious of a thought with the mind
is neither pleased in mind
nor upset in mind and
he lives detached,
mindful,
self-aware.
Even so, friends,
does a beggar
have control of six.
How, friends,
does a beggar
guard one?
Here, friends, a beggar
guards his mind
by getting control of
his intentions.[13]
Even so, friends,
does a beggar
guard one.
How, friends, does a beggar
calculate four?[14]
Here, friends,
a beggar figures
sucha a thing is to be gone after,
sucha a thing is to be endured,
sucha a thing is to be avoided,
sucha a thing is to be got rid of.
Even so, friends,
does a beggar
calculate four.
How, friends,
does a beggar
separate off truths
about individuality?[15]
Here, friends, a beggar,
however many there may be
of ordinary shaman or Brahmān
or the number of their truths
about individuality,
from all those
he has separated himself,
he has thrust off,
tossed away,
abandoned,
vomited them up and
released them.
Even so, friends,
does a beggar
separate off truths
about individuality.
How, friends,
does a beggar
annihilate wishes?[16]
Here, friends,
a beggar has let go of
wishing for pleasures,
has let go of
wishing to become,
has let go of
wishing to live the Brahmā-life.
Even so, friends,
does a beggar
annihilate wishes.
How, friends,
does a beggar
purify his principles?[17]
Here, friends, a beggar
lets go of
the pleasure principle,
lets go of
the anger principle,
lets go of
the injury principle.
Even so, friends,
does a beggar
purify his principles.
How, friends,
does a beggar
create impassivity of body?
Here, friends, a beggar
lets go of pleasure,
lets go of pain,
allows his former
mental ease and misery
to subside,
without pain,
without pleasure,
with an utterly pure and
detached mind
he enters into and
makes a habitat of
the Fourth Kenning.
Even so, friends,
does a beggar
create impassivity of body.
How, friends,
does a beggar
get well-freed
in heart?
Here, friends, a beggar
is free from lustful thoughts,
is free from hateful thoughts,
is free from deluded thoughts.
Even so, friends,
does a beggar
get well-freed heart.
How, friends,
does a beggar
get well-freed in wisdom?
Here friends, a beggar knows:
'I have let go of
lust,
taken it out by the roots,
like a palm cut off at its base
it is a thing
that no longer has life
a thing that
cannot come into existence again.'
He knows:
'I have let go of
hate,
taken it out by the roots,
like a palm cut off at its base
it is a thing
that no longer has life,
a thing that
cannot come into existence again.'
He knows:
'I have let go of
delusion,
taken it out by the roots,
like a palm cut off at its base
it is a thing
that no longer has life,
a thing that
cannot come into existence again.'
[10.06][pts][wlsh] Ten Dhammas of the Seer:[18]
The seer's
high view,
the seer's
high principles,
the seer's
high speech,
the seer's
high works,
the seer's
high lifestyle,
the seer's
high self-control,
the seer's
high mind,
the seer's
high serenity,
the seer's
high knowledge,
the seer's
high freedom.
These then, friends,
are those ten-part Dhammas
consummately taught by the Lucky Man,
that #1-Consummately-Awakened-One,
an Arahant
who knows and sees.
In this situation,
let us all gather together as one,
undivided,
so that this best of lives
will stay on track and
stand for a long time
as a benefit to the many,
as a pleasure for the many,
out of compassion for the world,
for the benefit and pleasure of
gods and man.
[10.07][pts][wlsh] At this point then,
this talk having come to a finish,
the Lucky Man addressed
Old Man Sariputta:
"Well said! Well said, Sriputta!
Well indeed have you
enunciated a compilation curriculum
for the bhikkhus!"
And at these words,
uttered by Old Man Sariputta
and approved of by The Lucky Man,
the beggars were pleased in mind
and expressed their delight.
Here Ends the Sangiti Suttanta
[1] Dasa nātha-karaṇā dhammā.
[2] This is a set of terms often applied to Ānanda, the Buddha's cousin, one who apparently had photographic memory, but who was unable during the life of the Buddha to advance to Arahantship. So we can understand that this is intended to be a description of one who has thorough book knowledge, but not necessarily one who has been able to attain the goal.
[3] Rhys Davids has: "... a friend, an associate, an intimate of men of good character" and Walshe has "... a friend, associate and intimate of good people." I do not see the "men of good character ... of good people" here.
[4] Rhys Davids: "Where there are duties to be done for the seniors among his fellow-disciples, he therein is industrious, not slothful, and exercises forethought in methods for discharging them, is capable of accomplishing, capable of organizing." Walshe: "whatever various jobs there are to be done for his fellow-monks, he is skillful, not lax, using foresight in carrying them out, and is good at doing and planning."
[5] abhidhamma abhivinaya: all translators appear to need to comment on this one! Walshe notes: "DA is doubtful whether abhidhamma here means 'the seven Pakaranas', i.e. the Abhidhamma Piṭaka as we know it, or not. The short answer is that if this sutta goes back to the Buddha's time (which is possible but far from certain), the word 'abhidhamma' can only have the more general sense of 'higher teaching' or the like. Similar considerations apply to 'abhivinaya'." Rhys Davids footnotes similarly: "B., by alternative exegeses, shows these terms are used vaguely. The former may mean the third Piṭake, or the doctrine of the Paths and Fruits. The latter may mean the Khandhaka-Parivara, or the end of the Vinaya — self-mastery."
Why is this important? Because if it were a reference to the Abhidhamma it would give legitimacy to that work, (but if "abhidhamma" is to refer to "The Abhidhamma," then where is our "Abhivinaya"?) if (and this is doubtful) this sutta is contemporaneous with the Buddha. But it is attributed to Sāriputta at a time when Sāriputta was already dead (and depending on the accuracy of the history concerning the Nigantha's death, even perhaps some time after the Buddha's death)! But please note: this has nothing to do with the utility of the 'Dhammas' within the sutta.
[6] Dasa kasiṇāyatanāni. Rhys Davids notes the commentary here (and I agree) "Kasina in the sense of entire." I think this is word-play between the title and the subheadings: The ten Whole-Realms (ayatana: atmo-sphere) ... the earth-device is whole when perceived as one ...; in other words this is not a description of ten devices, it is a description of how these ten devices are projected correctly and completely. Sāriputta: "Do you see that old log over there? I, should I wish, could see that old log as earth or as water, or as fire, or as wind. Whatsoever way I wished to perceive it, that is the way I could perceive it," (not very accurately remembered! Here is a translation: — The Tree-trunk [Olds, trans.], AN 6.41
PED: Kasiṇa1entire, whole J IV.111, 112.
2 ... one of the aids to ... the practice by means of which mystic meditation may be attained. They are fully described at AN V.25
Walshe notes some confusion concerning the "consciousness" device. This is explained in one sutta that I recollect where this device is described as the study of the Dhamma. I say that the practice being used here on BuddhaDust is the practice of the consciousness Device — using Dhamma Vicaya not simply to learn and understand the Dhamma, but as a thing on which to focus the mind so as to bring about results consistent with the Dhamma.
See also forty Subjects of Meditation;
Warren: Buddhism in Translations: The Earth Kasinaand Exercises: Make an Earth Kasina
[7] Advayaṃ. (not ekatta, but a = not, un, dva = dvi = 2, divided) non-dual or undivided, but what is meant is the uniformity of the nature of the perception, that is, not a mixture, as we normally perceive the world, of various characteristics — again reference the quote from Sāriputta: he is saying he is able to perceive the log as uniformly made up of one characteristic (whichever he chooses) whereas the modern scientific view would be that even though the primary perceived nature of a log would be solidity (paṭhavi) that solidity would be a mixture of solid, liquids, heat and the motion of atoms. What Sāriputta is able to do is see it as earth or water or fire or just a wave-form. What purpose is served by this? Most likely many more purposes than I can see! But one I can see is that such perception makes understanding of not-self somewhat easier.
[8] Dasa akusala-kamma-pathā.
[9] Dasa kusala-kamma-pathā.
[10] Dasa ariya-vāsā.
[13] Cetasā. heart = center = mind; I have used "intent" because my understanding is that the process is approximately: thoughts appear to the mind (early in training we are not able to evade the thoughts that occur to the mind — later the shaman has risen above the sphere of influence of thoughts); identification with and reaction to thoughts produce emotions which we say occur in the "heart"; control over these emotions is got by control over one's intentions both at the time that thoughts occur and after emotions have been formed.
If I am not mistaken this passage should cause no inconsiderable problems for those who would suggest that sati was mindfulness in the sense of some sort of constant attention. The practice is 'minding' — to observe where one is out of control, in danger, control it by letting go of it at the point where the impulse is to react. One moves from observing details of the consequences of one's reactions, to observing details of one's impulses to react, to observing where one can let go of reaction, to observing where one might have once reacted, to observing that one no longer is in danger of pondering, to being completely detached.
Sidebar: Do I hear someone asking:
"How do you square the above statement with the other statement:
'How, friends, does a beggar get well-freed in heart? Here, friends, a beggar is free from lustful thoughts, is free from hateful thoughts, is free from deluded thoughts. Even so, friends, does a beggar get well-freed heart.'"?
Good question. Glad to see someone is reading with their eyes open.
The easiest thing would probably just to have translated citta in the second instance as intentions also. But what I believe is intended here is a phenomena one experiences which is a step beyond intentions and is really best described as "free from even perceptions of" something that has not even got as far as could be described as thoughts or their derivatives in intentions.
Without needing to impose any sort of ultimate beginning-state to the world (you can figure out why I needed to say that later), imagine that there is a state where the world does come to a state of complete resolution (that is for individuals, not the world as a whole — this is called "stopping the world" by Castaneda's Don Juan). Think of a pond where the surface, completely undisturbed by any perceptible forces, has become still, calm, tranquil.
In the state prior to this one sees an individual with contorted facial features approaching, hears overtones in their voice to this point associated with anger, sees clenched fists, and so forth and perceives this as an angry individual approaching. This perception can be of two sorts: what we call a feeling, or reaction, and what we call an intellectual conclusion.
The former is a state not yet free from angry intention or angry thought. How come? Because the perception that there is anger there is fundamentally incorrect. The perception of anger is based on perception that there is ultimate individuality there both in the other and in self. The perception (as opposed to the intellectual conclusion) "this is anger" is already an identification being made with an emotion that is being created and an intent to react to that emotion based on that perception. One may not voice anger or show anger in any overt manner, but one is not free from anger.
The next case is perhaps several generations removed from this situation. There can be many layers here. At one point one comes to the perception (clear, real, no faking it) that there is some poor soul in some kind of deep pain approaching. These (same features as in the above case) are the facial features, intonations of voice, and bodily gestures of one in deep pain.
These "better" levels need to be encouraged (it is important to recognize such changed states as indicators of progress and not just as different situations. Recognizing them as change one can determine direction ... and one wishes to head in the direction of improvement ... it is easier to escape from pity than it is from anger), they come and go in the beginning, and one should make the situation conscious ... "I am perceiving as pitiful what normally I reacted to with anger ... this is an improvement ... let this continue and grow." And it becomes the only way these "thoughts" occur to one.
This still cannot be described as being completely free of angry thought or intention. How come? Because this is still very emotional. This form of pity can still be shown to be associated with personal identification with states of mind. Personal identification with states of mind can be shown to be a matter of desire to be. Differentiation between lust, anger, blindness and desire to be is a mere matter of words, or a matter of skillful or unskillful perceptions.
To this point we have made lust and anger and blindness into one thing: desire to be, but we are not yet free. When we have resolved the perceptions of the being approaching into matters of shape and color and collections of names (ideas) (nāma and rūpa) and have no emotional reaction whatever we are at the stage next door to being free.
The next step is a matter of being able to take in the whole spectrum of perceptions described here and be able to determine the state of mind of the "other" out there by way of the intellect. But that is still very slow and vulnerable. Next up? Understanding the other individuals situation by its context. That is, by way of the Four Aristocrats of Truths, understanding that no matter what it is, it is just pain that is approaching, and knowing how to deal with that. Then, still further along, doing this by second nature, or having 'become' Dhamma.
Not having taken it to this step one is not yet free because one is vulnerable for a while to slipping back because one may have understood the principle, but one has not understood its scope. One needs to practice and to generalize out into universals and in this way become conscious that there can be in future no twist on the situation that can trick you into a reaction.
One recognizes that one is at this stage when one sees that "that way madness lies." One has learned not to stick one's hand in the fire. A process otherwise known as "understanding.")
At that point one is free. But not yet has one reached freedom of mind.
At this point, when one is free, one must again make one's self conscious of the situation:
It is in seeing freedom in freedom that one knows "This is Freedom."
And it is only then that one may know:
"Left behind is birth,
done is duty's doing;
the best life has been lead;
no more of this side or that side;
no more it'n and at'n for me!"
Walshe translates: "...how has he established one guard? By guarding his mind with mindfulness."
Rhys Davids has: "How has he set the one guard? By the mental guard of mindfulness.
[14] Panunna put away, rejected or rejecting, dispelled, driven away, sent.
-paccekasacca one who has rejected each of the four false truths.
[16] Saṭṭha dismissed; -esana one who has abandoned all longing or research ... .
[17] Here my "principles", for sankappa, does not fit as well as the usual "aims".
[18] Dasa asekkhā Dhammā.
Asekha: [a + sekha] not requiring to be trained, adept, perfect, one who is no longer a learner, an expert; very often meaning an Arahant. I have decided to go with "seeker" and "seer" for the sekha-asekha pair. See The 10th Lesson for my reasons for using Sammā Vijja for Sammā Ñāṇa and Sammā Upekkha for Sammā Vimutti when I cast this as the Ten-fold Path.
[Ones and Twos] [Threes] [Fours] [Fives] [Sixes] [Sevens] [Eights] [Nines] [Tens]
